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A provisional basinal study of the Waterberg-Karoo, South Africa by MTIMKULU NHLANHLA MTIMKULU A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS IN SCIENCE in GEOLOGY in the FACULTY OF NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES of the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA SUPERVISORS: Prof. PG ERIKSSON and Dr. AJ BUMBY July 2009
Despite the fact that published data gives a vast amount of information on the geology, sedimentology and lithostratigraphy of the Ecca Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, little is known of the diagenesis of the potentially feasible shales and sandstones of the Ecca Group.
South Africa's coalfields – a 2014 perspective 1Hancox, P. John and 2,3Götz, Annette E. 1University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, Private Bag 3, 2050 Wits, South Africa; ... Much academic research has been undertaken on South Africa's coal deposits with the hedeys
climatic signals could be used to correlate the basinal Ecca group facies with the fluvio-deltaic coal - bearing strata of the Witbank Basin. The palynological record of the No. 2 Coal Seam of the Vryheid ... The Karoo Basin hosts important coal resources of South Africa .
the south and covers an area of approximately 7 000km2. After the Witbank Coalfield, the Highveld Coalfield is the next largest producing Coalfield in South Africa. The Coalfield is host to up to five coal seams within the middle Ecca Group sediments of the Karoo Supergroup. The Karoo Supergroup comprises sediments ascribed to deposition in
Coal deposits of South Africa - the future of coal mining in South Africa Stephan Schmidt Institute for Geology, Gustav-Zeuner-Str.12, 09599 Freiberg Abstract. This paper gives an overview over the deposits of hard coal in South Africa. South Africa is the fifth largest coal producing country in the world.
Nov 24, 2011· coal terminal in Maputo Maputo, Mozambique --- MININGREVIEW.COM --- 24 November 2011 - ECCA Group "' an investment holding company with a primary interest in coal mining and exploration in sub-Saharan Africa "' is the latest organisation to float plans for an alternative coal .
The Ecca Group is a group of sedimentary geological formations found in southern Africa. A component of the Karoo Supergroup, it consists mainly of shales and sandstones, laid down in the sandy shorelines of swamplands during the Permian Period. Description. The type area for the Ecca Group is in the Karoo Basin of South Africa and Lesotho.
Ecca Group shales include the Whitehill and Prince Albert Formations, which contain potential shale-gas resources (Brownfield and others, ... Basin of South Africa—Type basin for the coal-bearing deposits of southern Africa: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 23, nos. 1–4, p. 117–157.
Grootegeluk Coal Mine, South Africa. ... The coal deposit forms part of the Ecca group and eleven coal-bearing zones can be distinguished. The coal seams mined at Grootegeluk form part of the ...
of Australia and Anglo Coal of South Africa. 1. KAROO BASIN 1.1 Introduction The Karoo foreland basin is filled with over 5 km of Carboniferous to Early Jurassic sedimentary strata. The Early Permian-age Ecca Group underlies much of the Karoo Basin, cropping out along the southern and western basin margins, Figure XIX-1. The Ecca Group
South Africa has more than 70 per cent of the coal resources of Africa, and coal forms the back-bone of the South African industry. In terms of the norms generally accepted for the Carboniferous coals of the Northern Hemisphere, South African coal has long been regarded as "abnormal".
South Africa has one major sedimentary basin that contains thick, organic-rich shales - the Karoo Basin in central and southern South Africa. The Karoo Basin is large (236,400 mi2), extending across nearly two-thirds of the country, with the southern portion of the basin potentially favorable for shale gas.
The use of coal in South Africa dates back to the iron-age (300-1880 AD), when charcoal was used to melt iron and copper, but large-scale exploitation of coal did not occur until the mid-19th century. The largest coal deposits in South Africa are to be found in the Ecca Group, a stratum of the Karoo Supergroup, dating from between 280 and 250 Ma.
Palaeont. afr., 33,37-40 (1997) CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF PALAEOPALYNOLOGY AT THE BERNARD PRICE INSTITUTE, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE by C.S. MacRael and G.A. Aitken2 1 P. 0.Box 905, Cullinan, 1000, South Africa
Coal in South Africa - Wikipedia. The largest coal deposits in South Africa are to be found in the Ecca deposits, a stratum of the Karoo Supergroup, dating from the Permian period, between 280 and 250 Ma.The Ecca Group is extensive, covering around two thirds of South Africa (much of it covered by slightly younger rocks - .
VAN VUUREN C.J. & COLE D.I. 1979. The stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Ecca Group in the northern part of the Karoo Basin: 103-111. In: Anderson A.M. & Van Biljon W.J. (eds), Some Sedimentary Basins and Associated Ore Deposits of South Africa.
Jul 28, 2015· ned in Permain aged rocks of the Ecca Group, which coal of South Africa by using facies analysis to extra- form part of the Karoo Supergroup (Cairncross, 2001).
The South Africa Energy Coal (SAEC) operations are located near the towns of eMalahleni (previously known as Witbank) and Middelburg, in the coalfields of Mpumalanga. Coal mining has long been part of this region, with the name eMalahleni translating to 'place of coal'.
2010: Studies suggest South Africa reaching peak coal. Recent research from three scientific journals suggest that usable coal reserves in South Africa are much smaller than previously thought, and that annual production could reach a peak and begin to decline within a decade -- .
THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA AND ... Table Mountain Group to the top of the main quartzite unit of the Witteberg Group (i.e., the Witpoort Formation). The boundary between the Carboniferous and Permian Periods falls somewhere within the ... Glossopteris flora flourishes and major coal deposits formed (Ecca Group) Widespread glaciation (Dwyka Group)
Brief Description: Matla is an underground operation with three mines – Mine 1, Mine 2 and Mine 3 – all of which supply coal directly to South Africa's State-owned power utility Eskom's ...
The largest coal deposits in South Africa are to be found in the Ecca Group. The Ecca Group covers around two thirds of South Africa and contains more than a third of all coal reserves in the Southern Hemisphere. Some coal fields in South Africa are Waterberg, Highveld, Witbank, Ermelo, Utrecht and Klip River Coal fields.
The Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy FEBRUARY 2005 95 Introduction Coal currently provides 73% of South Africa's primary energy; 95% of the country's electricity is coal-fired thermal generation, while 's coal conversion technology provides half South Africa's liquid fuels requirement.
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